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Housing in Canada Online
Reference Counts and the Definition of CMHC's Core Housing Need Universe
Not all households enumerated by the Census of Canada can be assessed for core housing need. Housing adequacy and suitability can be measured for all households, while affordability can only be measured and interpreted for households that report positive incomes which exceed their shelter costs. Shelter-cost-to-income ratios (STIRs) for households with incomes less than or equal to zero, or STIRs derived from the census that are equal to or greater than 100% are considered uninterpretable by CMHC for the purpose of measuring affordability.
In addition, the Census does not collect shelter cost data for farm households and households living in band housing on, or outside, reserves. Without shelter costs, CMHC is unable to assess these households for the affordability component of core housing need.
CMHC therefore examines core housing need on a reduced universe of households for which all three housing standards (adequacy, affordability and suitability) can be applied. This universe includes only non-farm, non-band, non-reserve households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100%. As a result, we are providing you with reference counts to show how the reduced universe differs from the complete universe of all private households.
For more information on CMHC's housing standards, please consult our Definitions.
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Suppression of Data
Census data obtained by CMHC are subject to Statistics Canada's suppression rules. These rules are required by law to ensure confidentiality.
Data may not sum to totals due to suppression and random rounding applied by Statistics Canada. Where there are a large number of households, rounding has little effect on accuracy and data suppression is rare. However, small cell counts (i.e.: counts falling below 100 households) and percentages based on those counts (like the incidence of need) may suffer considerable distortion as a result of random rounding and suppression.
Some data on average household income, average shelter costs and average STIRs are suppressed by Statistics Canada to ensure confidentiality. For more information regarding the suppression of census data, please consult Statistics Canada's 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-378-XIE.
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HiCO Reference Counts
Reference household counts for Canada, the provinces and the territories are included below so that you may use them as a verification tool. Whenever you create a table from HiCO, we recommend that you include the total for Canada or at least one province or territory in your table. The total(s) you have included in your table(s) can then be checked against those we have provided in the reference count tables included below.
For example, if you create a table to study Canada, the reference count tables below show that you should have a total of 10,805,615 households in your table. This is the total number of households tested for core housing need in 2001.
For all the reference count tables:
Households excluded from examination for core housing need consist of households living on farms, on reserves or in band housing outside reserves as well as any households with incomes less than or equal to zero and/or shelter-cost-to-income ratios (STIRs) greater than or equal to 100%.
Households examined for core housing need include non-farm, non-band, non-reserve households with incomes greater than zero and STIRs less than 100%.
For more information on the source of the data used in HiCO, please click here.
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Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
|
Canada
|
|
|
2001
|
1996
|
1991
|
|
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
|
All Private Households
|
11,562,975
|
|
10,820,050
|
|
10,018,265
|
|
|
Households Excluded from Examination for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
757,360
|
|
792,210
|
|
646,535
|
|
|
Households Examined for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
10,805,615
|
100.0
|
10,027,840
|
100.0
|
9,371,730
|
100.0
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
7,556,660
|
69.9
|
6,798,750
|
67.8
|
6,532,510
|
69.7
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
3,248,955
|
30.1
|
3,229,090
|
32.2
|
2,839,225
|
30.3
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
1,763,615
|
16.3
|
1,661,910
|
16.6
|
1,569,240
|
16.7
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
1,485,335
|
13.7
|
1,567,180
|
15.6
|
1,269,980
|
13.6
|
|
Aboriginal households examined for core housing need in HiCO
|
297,285
|
100.0
|
218,310
|
100.0
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
168,555
|
56.7
|
111,845
|
51.2
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
128,735
|
43.3
|
106,465
|
48.8
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
57,470
|
19.3
|
40,375
|
18.5
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
71,265
|
24.0
|
66,090
|
30.3
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
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|
Newfoundland and Labrador
|
|
|
2001
|
1996
|
1991
|
|
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
|
All Private Households
|
189,040
|
|
185,495
|
|
174,495
|
|
|
Households Excluded from Examination for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
7,375
|
|
7,680
|
|
4,735
|
|
|
Households Examined for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
181,665
|
100.0
|
177,815
|
100.0
|
169,760
|
100.0
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
134,020
|
73.8
|
130,890
|
73.6
|
123,535
|
72.8
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
47,650
|
26.2
|
46,925
|
26.4
|
46,220
|
27.2
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
21,040
|
11.6
|
20,615
|
11.6
|
21,590
|
12.7
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
26,605
|
14.6
|
26,305
|
14.8
|
24,630
|
14.5
|
|
Aboriginal households examined for core housing need in HiCO
|
6,650
|
100.0
|
4,625
|
100.0
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
4,180
|
62.9
|
2,860
|
61.8
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
2,470
|
37.1
|
1,760
|
38.1
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
985
|
14.8
|
790
|
17.1
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
1,485
|
22.3
|
975
|
21.1
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
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Prince Edward Island
|
|
|
2001
|
1996
|
1991
|
|
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
|
All Private Households
|
50,800
|
|
47,960
|
|
44,475
|
|
|
Households Excluded from Examination for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
2,730
|
|
2,830
|
|
2,775
|
|
|
Households Examined for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
48,070
|
100.0
|
45,130
|
100.0
|
41,700
|
100.0
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
35,035
|
72.9
|
32,165
|
71.3
|
30,540
|
73.2
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
13,035
|
27.1
|
12,965
|
28.7
|
11,165
|
26.8
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
6,835
|
14.2
|
6,905
|
15.3
|
5,580
|
13.4
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
6,195
|
12.9
|
6,060
|
13.4
|
5,580
|
13.4
|
|
Aboriginal households examined for core housing need in HiCO
|
385
|
100.0
|
315
|
100.0
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
220
|
57.1
|
190
|
60.3
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
165
|
42.9
|
125
|
39.7
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
70
|
18.2
|
45
|
14.3
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
95
|
24.7
|
85
|
27.0
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
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Nova Scotia
|
|
|
2001
|
1996
|
1991
|
|
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
|
All Private Households
|
360,020
|
|
342,595
|
|
324,375
|
|
|
Households Excluded from Examination for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
20,350
|
|
19,545
|
|
14,730
|
|
|
Households Examined for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
339,670
|
100.0
|
323,050
|
100.0
|
309,645
|
100.0
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
239,775
|
70.6
|
224,205
|
69.4
|
218,250
|
70.5
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
99,895
|
29.4
|
98,845
|
30.6
|
91,395
|
29.5
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
48,310
|
14.2
|
50,740
|
15.7
|
49,330
|
15.9
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
51,585
|
15.2
|
48,105
|
14.9
|
42,070
|
13.6
|
|
Aboriginal households examined for core housing need in HiCO
|
4,620
|
100.0
|
2,630
|
100.0
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
2,865
|
62.0
|
1,525
|
58.0
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
1,755
|
38.0
|
1,105
|
42.0
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
710
|
15.4
|
550
|
20.9
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
1,040
|
22.5
|
555
|
21.1
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
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New Brunswick
|
|
|
2001
|
1996
|
1991
|
|
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
#
|
%
|
|
All Private Households
|
283,820
|
|
271,155
|
|
253,710
|
|
|
Households Excluded from Examination for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
14,995
|
|
15,455
|
|
10,435
|
|
|
Households Examined for Core Housing Need in HiCO
|
268,825
|
100.0
|
255,700
|
100.0
|
243,275
|
100.0
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
195,735
|
72.8
|
181,625
|
71.0
|
173,360
|
71.3
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
73,090
|
27.2
|
74,080
|
29.0
|
69,910
|
28.7
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
43,100
|
16.0
|
39,340
|
15.4
|
30,505
|
12.5
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
29,990
|
11.2
|
34,730
|
13.6
|
39,405
|
16.2
|
|
Aboriginal households examined for core housing need in HiCO
|
4,755
|
100.0
|
2,195
|
100.0
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Above Housing Standards
|
2,645
|
55.6
|
1,145
|
52.2
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Below Housing Standards
|
2,110
|
44.4
|
1,045
|
47.6
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
Not in Core Housing Need
|
1,070
|
22.5
|
495
|
22.6
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
In Core Housing Need
|
1,040
|
21.9
|
550
|
25.1
|
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